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tutorials:processing_gpr

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Processing GPR data with SU

Yes ! It is possible to process GPR data wit SU to apply all the power of seismic processing tools to GPR data.

The basic trick is to fool SU by using micro second as the time unit and centimeters instead of meters. This way :

  • frequencies are in MHz
  • velocities range from 3330 cm/micro sec (water) to 30000 cm/microsec (air)
  • offset keyword value is not badly truncated

Note : this is sufficient for low frequency GPR used for geological applications (25-1000 MHz) but may be adapted for higher frequency GPR.

Importing GPR data

There is no unified GPR data format and each manufacturer produces its own files. GPR data need to be imported from the manufacturer's format to SU format using the right tool.

  • For Sensor&Software devices you can use the dt1tosu tool included in SU
  • For Malå devices you can download a shell script here
  • For other manufacturers, ask for the detailed format information and share the tool !

Once the data are converted to SU format, you will probably need to adjust the geometry using tools like sushw and/or suchw

Initial processing

Compared to seismic data (apart from the recording or sampling time and size of the survey) GPR data exhibit a few differences.

  • Absolute propagation time is generally unknown. Actually, GPR propagation is so fast that the receiver signal can't be digitized upon receiving a start signal from the transmitter, like in seimics. The source is fired at regular intervals and the digitizer is shifted by one sample at each pulse. The absolute time is not known but can be deduced when one knows the distance between antennas. Consequently you have to apply a static correction to GPR signal using sustatic
  • GPR signal is generally strongly polarized and affected by some very low frequencies caused by electronic noise. This is easily corrected by removing the mean of the trace (sugain mbal=1) and applying a high pass filter consistent with the antennas band-pass
  • The direct wave in the air (even with shielded antennas) and in the ground is very strong. It often saturates the analog to digital converter. They must be muted prior applying bandpass filters. This can be done using sumute mode=1 or the dedicated sugprfb tool.
  • The intrinsic attenuation of GPR signal is much faster (with respect to the wavelength) that for seismic signal and require the early application of a strong gain (with sugain or other techniques.
tutorials/processing_gpr.1563723497.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/07/21 15:38 by dominique